The prestigious Spanish military journal “Desperta Ferro Antigua y Medieval” has published an article by Kaveh Farrokh on the cavalry forces of the Achaemenids at the time of the Achaemenid-Persian Wars with ancient Greece. For more information on this article, click the link below in Academia.edu:

Farrokh, K. (2024). Cabalgando para el gran rey. La caballería aqueménida en tiempos de las Guerras Médicas [Riding for the great king. The Achaemenid cavalry at the time of the Persian Wars]. Desperta Ferro Antigua y Medieval, 85, pp.14-19.

The article examines the development of Achaemenid (or Teispid-Achaemenid) cavalry from its early stages during the reign of Cyrus II (r.559-530 BCE) The Great and into the time of the Greek Wars, during the reigns of Darius I (r. 522-486 BCE) and his successor, Xerxes I (r.486-465 BCE).

For more on the topic of ancient cavalry warfare see:

A late Achaemenid armored heavy cavalryman (Source: Realm of History). Note the wing-like “Ranban” (leg/thigh protector).